Låg response rate. ~70% hade varit bättre underlag. Här är en annan artikel:
How Many Scientists Fabricate and Falsify Research? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Survey DataA pooled weighted average of 1.97% (N = 7, 95%CI: 0.86–4.45) of scientists admitted to have fabricated, falsified or modified data or results at least once –a serious form of misconduct by any standard– and up to 33.7% admitted other questionable research practices. In surveys asking about the behaviour of colleagues, admission rates were 14.12% (N = 12, 95% CI: 9.91–19.72) for falsification, and up to 72% for other questionable research practices. Meta-regression showed that self reports surveys, surveys using the words “falsification” or “fabrication”, and mailed surveys yielded lower percentages of misconduct. When these factors were controlled for, misconduct was reported more frequently by medical/pharmacological researchers than others.
Ett problem är definitionen av "questionable research practices". Den så kallade FFP-standarden; fabrikation (ändrar data), falsifikation (hittar på data) och plagiering räknas som allvarliga former av orederlighet i forskningen och finns med i i princip alla definitioner. Sedan finns det "other questionable research practices" som sällan strikt definieras, men brukar kallas "departing from acceptable research practice of the relevant research community" t. ex. statistiska fel, olämpligt författarskap, salamipublicering etc.